Wednesday 16 September 2020

'Must' & 'Have To': Obligation & Probability

Both 'must' and 'have to' can realise high value obligation or probability, the latter form evolving from an earlier conative function; see Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 145, 572-3, 583).

 modulation: obligation (high value)

she
must
go
Theme
Rheme
Actor
Process: material
Subject
Finite
Predicator
Mood
Residue

she
has
 to go
Theme
Rheme
Actor
Process: material
Subject
Finite
Predicator
Mood
Residue

modalisation: probability (high value)

she
must
have gone
Theme
Rheme
Actor
Process: material
Subject
Finite
Predicator
Mood
Residue

she
has
 to have gone
Theme
Rheme
Actor
Process: material
Subject
Finite
Predicator
Mood
Residue

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